Upstream activation sequence

Studies have shown that Ino2p and Ino4p, two bHLH regulatory proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae , bind to promoter fragments containing this element of the consensus sequence. Additional studies have been designed to explore the function of UAS INO in more detail largely in part because a large number of phospholipid biosynthetic enzyme activities in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae show this common pattern of expression.

One study explored the interaction between Ino4p and Ino2p in more depth, examining the dimerization that takes place between the two prior to binding to the promoter of the INO 1 gene and activating transcription. By isolating 31 recessive suppressors of the ino mutant of yeast and determining that 29 were of the same locus, the researchers identified the locus as REG1 [3].

One allele of REG1 , the suppressor mutant sia , was capable of suppressing the inositol auxotrophy, revealing a possible pathway for the repression of inositol-sensitive upstream activating sequence-containing genes of yeast. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Jump to: navigation , search. PMID Rogers; Ptashne, Mark November Molecular and Cellular Biology. Nature Reveiws Genetics.

Nature Reviews Microbiology. March J Biol Chem. Yeast promoters and lacZ fusions designed to study expression of cloned genes in yeast. Methods Enzymol. Regulatory proteins in yeast. Annu Rev Genet. UASs and enhancers: common mechanism of transcriptional activation in yeast and mammals. Distinctly regulated tandem upstream activation sites mediate catabolite repression of the CYC1 gene of S.

Heme regulates transcription of the CYC1 gene of S. Fusion of Escherichia coli lacZ to the cytochrome c gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations.

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The nuclear-coded subunits of yeast cytochrome c oxidase. Fractionation of the holoenzyme into chemically pure polypeptides and the identification of two new subunits using solvent extraction and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Thousands of loci leading to the generation of CUTs have been described in the yeast genome.

Additionally, stable uncharacterized transcripts, or SUTs, have also been detected in cells and bear many similarities to CUTs but are not degraded through the same pathways. SIR proteins organize heterochromatin near telomeres, rDNA, and at silent loci including hidden mating type loci in yeast.

The SIR family of genes encodes catalytic and non-catalytic proteins that are involved in de-acetylation of histone tails and the subsequent condensation of chromatin around a SIR protein scaffold. Some SIR family members are conserved from yeast to humans. Gene gating is a phenomenon by which transcriptionally active genes are brought next to nuclear pore complexes NPCs so that nascent transcripts can quickly form mature mRNA associated with export factors.

It has been shown to occur in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Caenorhabditis elegans , Drosophila melanogaster as well as mammalian model systems. The transactivation domain or trans-activating domain TAD is a transcription factor scaffold domain which contains binding sites for other proteins such as transcription coregulators. These binding sites are frequently referred to as activation functions AFs. TADs are named after their amino acid composition. These amino acids are either essential for the activity or simply the most abundant in the TAD.

Transactivation by the Gal4 transcription factor is mediated by acidic amino acids, whereas hydrophobic residues in Gcn4 play a similar role. Q-system is a genetic tool that allows to express transgenes in a living organism. Originally the Q-system was developed for use in the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster , and was rapidly adapted for use in cultured mammalian cells, zebrafish, worms and mosquitoes.

The Gal4 transcription factor is a positive regulator of gene expression of galactose-induced genes. This protein represents a large fungal family of transcription factors, Gal4 family, which includes over 50 members in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae e. Oaf1, Pip2, Pdr1, Pdr3, Leu3.

Pdr1p is a transcription factor found in yeast and is a key regulator of genes involved in general drug response. It induces the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter, which can export toxic substances out of the cell, allowing cells to survive under general toxic chemicals.

PMID S2CID Rogers; Ptashne, Mark November Molecular and Cellular Biology. PMC Nature Reviews Genetics. Nature Reviews Microbiology. March WikiGenes - Collaborative Publishing. Retrieved 8 April EMBO Reports.